Comparing Fahrenheit 451 and Brave New World :: comparison compare contrast essays

Comparing Fahrenheit 451 and Brave New World   Ray Bradburys  book, Fahrenheit 451, is a futurist look at a man and his role in society. Bradbury utilizes the luxuries of career in America today, in addition to various occupations and technological advances, to show what life could be like if the future takes a drastic turn for the worse. He turns mans best friend, the dog, against man, changes the role of public servants and changes the value of a person. Aldous Huxley also uses the concept, of society come forth of control, in his science fiction novel Brave New World, WHICH deals with man in a changed society. Huxley asks his readers to look at the role of science and literature in the future world, scared that it may be rendered useless and discarded.   Unlike Bradbury, Huxley includes in his book a group of people unaffected by the changes in society, a group that still has religious beliefs and marriage, things no longer part of the changed society, to compare a nd contrast todays culture with his proposed futuristic culture.(THIS IS A RUN-ON WHICH NEEDS FIXING)    notwithstanding one theme that both Brave New World and Fahrenheit 451 HAVE IN COMMON is of individual discovery BY refusing to accept a passive approach to life and refusing to conform. In addition, the refusal of various methods of escape from reality is shown AS a path to discovery.   In Brave New World the main characters Bernard Marx and the Savage boy John come to realize the faults WITHIN their own cultures. In Fahrenheit 451, Guy Montag begins to discover  things could be better in his society, besides DUE to some uncontrollable events his discovery happens much faster than it would have. He is forced out on his own, away from society, to live with others like himself who think other than that the society does.   Marx, from the civilized culture, seriously questions the lack of history that his society has. He also wonders as to the lack of boo ks, banned because they were old and did not encourage the untried culture. By visiting a reservation, home of an uncivilized culture of savages, he is able to see first hand something of what life and society use to be like. Afterwards he returns and attempts to incorporate some of what he saw into his work as an advertising agent.

The Unification of Germany Essay example -- History Historical German

The Unification of Ger some(prenominal)In 1871 the thirty-eight states of what was once the Holy Roman Empire, re-united to dumbfound what was known in the early twentieth century as simply, The German Empire, united under the rule of the German Emperor, or Kaiser. There are many factors which led to the unification of the German states liberalism, nationalism, Otto Von Bismarck, fear of another Napoleon, the Prussian King William I, and the three wars Prussia fought.One of the key factors which led to the Unification was nationalism. Nationalism is the supposition that certain things such as race, culture, religion, language or territory set them apart from those around them, and they could identify their interests with a group of heap not and a local monarch. This idea created the belief that ones loyalty was first to the nation not the monarch. On 23 February 1848, there was a monstrance in Paris that resulted in the abdication of King Louis Philippe. Then on 13 March student s in Vienna staged a rebellion which after that day forced Prince Metternich to resign as Austrian Foreign Minister. Prussian King, Frederick William IV, stood against reform and used troops to break up demonstrations. But on audience of Metternichs resignation he lost his nerve and called together a Diet, granting a constitution. When a crowd gathered at the Palace in Berlin the royal stag guard opened fire. The resulting revolution ended by November of that year as the people began to fear the consequences of prolonging it. The failure of this revolution, and the failure to achieve national unity, broke the joining between liberalism and nationalism. In the end it was the nationalistic ideals of the German aristocracy, not the general populace that brought about the Unification of the German States in 1871.(1) ** I remember to suck in been so entirely absorbed by what was happening that I could hardly turn my thoughts to anything else. Like many of my friends, I was dominated b y the feeling that at last the great opportunity for giving the German people the liberty which was their birthright and to the German fatherland its unity and greatness, and that it was now the first duty of all German to do and to sacrifice everything for this sacred object. We were profoundly, solemnly in earnest. **Liberalism was an important factor of the German Unification. ... ...ded and supremely outmatched. These three wars achieved Bismarcks goals of obtaining support for the legions reforms and unifying Germany under Prussian leadership (which meant the expulsion of Austria from Germanys affairs).So, the unification of Germany in 1871 was achieved through a combination of factors the idea held by the German people of a unified nation (nationalism), the fear held by the German aristocracy of anything which may result in a reduction to their power, such as liberalism and the Napoleonic Fear, the Prussian King William the first whose most important roles were appointing B ismarck and the introduction of the multitude reforms, and of course, Otto Von Bismarck. Bismarck was the reason for the three wars against Austria, France and Denmark, the implication of the Prussian army reforms and he made sure that the German states finally unified under the rule of a Prussian monarch, or German Kaiser, ruler of the newly founded German Empire in 1871.Works Citedwww.schoolshistory.org.uk/ ASLevel_History/unificationofgermany.htmmars.acnet.wnec.edu/grempel/ courses/wc2/lectures/germanunif.htmlwww.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/germanunification.html

Women in Shakespeares Sonnet 130 Essay -- Sonnet 130 Shakespeare Wome

Women in Shakespeares Sonnet 130Shakespeare is expressing, though not in the first person, that he knows women are not the perfect beauties they are pictured to be and that we should love them anyway. He uses two types of descriptions, one of their physical beauty and the other of their characteristics to make fun of all those romantic poets trying to brown odorize the girls they like.One of the physical attributes, in the first quatrain, that he mentions is his mistress eyes are nothing like the sun, meaning she has no twinkle in her eyes. In the first quatrain, he also speaks of coral as being far more red than the lips of his mistress this is a use of imagery to show her non-beauty. He also recognizes that there are no such roses on her cheeks in the second quatra...

Avon Case Analysis Essay -- Avon Cosmetics Make Up Essays

AvonAs of November 1999, Avon was experiencing economic troubles. Avons growth rate of annual sales was less than 1.5 percent during the greatest economic gold rush in history. This prompted a transfer in leadership which appointed Andrea Jung as CEO. Since that time, Avon has experienced remarkable growth.Under the direction of the new CEO, a new outline was developed to reinvent Avons image, improve customer satisfaction, and to increase profit margins and market share. Avon has gained an outstanding reputation as the best direct seller of knockout products. Through the restd efforts and achievements of its sales representatives, Avon is now known worldwide. Avons core competence has mainly been its direct selling busniess model. This led Jung and the management team to give a Sales Leadership program that provided incentives to acquire, train, motivate, and retain the number of active sales representatives it needs to sustain significant growth. Avon also has a representative exploitation program that localizees on the professional training of representatives. This enables the representatives to provide valuable information on Avon grade products. Avon also keeps its superior customer service in different ways of distribution such as the Internet and in the department store sales by having a timely and correct order delivery, peerless on one information exchange and personalized professional advice.Forces of CompetitionRivalry among competing sellers in the CFT assiduity is strong. The creation of innovative products is crucial to success. This industry focuses on continually developing cutting edge products using the latest science and technology. Rivalry is stronger when customers be to switch brands are low. Switching costs in the CFT industry are very low, due to the large amount of different brands of similar products. This cost is due to the higher number of competitors in the CFT industry and their tendency to copy new products in order to stay competitive.Another Avon objective that aims to alleviate pressures coming from competing sellers includes consists of reinventing their antiquated image. The organization had been a major actor in the CFT industry for decades. However, Avons management took a reactive approach and failed to evolve with the changing times. Because the CFT industry centers on mage conscious consumers, Jung d... ...na. Also, because the only sales in China are generated through retail outlets, Avon should further develop their Beauty Advisors training. Europe should also be a continued focus for Avon. Industry leader, LOreals attributes 50% of their aggregate sales to the European market. Avon has had a successful growth rate in Europe but only 23% of the total 2003 sales came from Europe. There is still room to expand in this market. Based on one of the industrys key success factors, product innovation, Avon should focus even more resources on R&D especially in the areas of anti-aging produc ts and teen products. Because 23 million teenagers have an average weekly disposable income of $85, Avon should continue with innovative teen marketing such as the current mark brand but also work on products for problem teen skin. being ahead of the industry in introducing new products combined with the companys already strong market position could further improve Avons brand equity and therefore revenues. In particular, Avon should continue to integrate sales representative into all aspects of sales. This is Avons own key success factor and what sets them apart from their competitors.

The Spinx :: essays papers

The SpinxIn a depression to the south of Chephrens pyramid sits a creature with a humankind head and a lions body. The name sphinx which means strangler was first given by the Greeks to a fabulous creature which had the head of a woman and the body of a lion and the wings of a bird. The sphinx appears to have started in Egypt in the form of a sun god. The Egyptian sphinx is usually a head of a fag wearing his headdress and the body of a lion . There are, however, sphinxes with ram heads that are associated with the god Amun.The Great Sphinx is to the northeast of Chephrens Valley Temple. Where it sits was once a quarry. Chephrens workers wrought the stone into the lion and gave it their kings face over 4,500 years ago. The sphinx faces the rising sun with a temple to the front, which resembles the sun temples which were built later by the kings of the 5th Dynasty. The depict was buried for most of its life in the sand. King Thutmose IV (1425 - 1417 BC) placed a stela between the front paws of the figure. It describes when Thutmose, while still a prince, had at rest(p) hunting and fell asleep in the shade of the sphinx. During a dream, the sphinx spoke to Thutmose and told him to clear away the sand because it was choking the sphinx. The sphinx told him that if he did this, he would be rewarded with a kingship. Thutmose carried out this request and the sphinx held up his end of the deal. The sphinx is built of soft sandstone and would have disappeared long ago had it not been buried for so long. The body is 200 feet in length and 65 feet tall. The face of the sphinx is 13 feet wide and its eyes are 6 feet high. Part of the uraeus (sacred cobra), the nose and the ritual face fungus are now missing. The beard from the sphinx is displayed in the British Museum. The statue is crumbling today because of the wind, humidity and the smog from Cairo. Attempts to restore it have often caused more harm than good. No one can be received who the figure is to personify . It is possible that it is Chephren. If that is so, it would then be the oldest known royal portrait in such large scale.

The Spinx :: essays papers

The SpinxIn a depression to the south of Chephrens pyramid sits a creature with a human head and a king of beastss body. The name sphinx which means strangler was first given by the Greeks to a fabulous creature which had the head of a woman and the body of a lion and the fly of a bird. The sphinx appears to have started in Egypt in the form of a sun god. The Egyptian sphinx is usually a head of a king wearing his headgear and the body of a lion . There are, however, sphinxes with ram heads that are associated with the god Amun.The Great Sphinx is to the northeast of Chephrens Valley Temple. Where it sits was once a quarry. Chephrens workers shaped the stone into the lion and gave it their kings face over 4,500 years ago. The sphinx faces the rising sun with a temple to the front, which resembles the sun temples which were built later by the kings of the 5th Dynasty. The figure was buried for around of its life in the sand. King Thutmose IV (1425 - 1417 BC) placed a stela between the front paws of the figure. It describes when Thutmose, while still a prince, had gone hunting and dribble asleep in the shade of the sphinx. During a dream, the sphinx spoke to Thutmose and told him to clear away the sand because it was choking the sphinx. The sphinx told him that if he did this, he would be rewarded with a kingship. Thutmose carried out this demand and the sphinx held up his end of the deal. The sphinx is built of soft sandstone and would have disappeared long ago had it not been buried for so long. The body is 200 feet in length and 65 feet tall. The face of the sphinx is 13 feet wide and its eyes are 6 feet high. Part of the uraeus (sacred cobra), the nose and the ritual beard are now missing. The beard from the sphinx is displayed in the British Museum. The statue is crumbling today because of the wind, humidity and the smog from Cairo. Attempts to restore it have often caused more harm than good. No one can be certain who the figure is to personify. It is feasible that it is Chephren. If that is so, it would then be the oldest known royal portrait in such large scale.

Green Building Guide

IGBC kelvin Homes IGBC verdancy Homes evaluate System Ver 1. 0 abridge role Guide April 2009 conspiracy of Indian Industry CII-Sohrabji Godrej b on the wholepark Business Centre IGBC Green Homes IGBC Green Homes Rating System Ver 1. 0 contract address Guide April 2009 Confederation of Indian Industry CII-Sohrabji Godrej Green Business Centre Copyright Copyright 2008 by the Indian Green twist Council. All rights reserved. The Indian Green expression Council (IGBC) authorises you to view the IGBC Green Homes Version 1. reduce Reference Guide for your indivi doubled use. You agree not to sell or modify the IGBC Green Homes Reference Guide or to reproduce, display or distri scarcee IGBC Green Homes Reference Guide in any way for any everyday or commercial theatrical role, including display on a web commit or in a ne bothrked environment. Unauthorised use of the IGBC Green Homes Abridged Reference Guide violates copyright, trademark and former(a) laws and is prohibited . dismantle that the National and local anesthetic codes, norms, etc. , used in the IGBC Green Homes Reference Guide ar in the public domain.All different cloy in the IGBC Green Homes Reference Guide are owned by the Indian Green Building Council and are protected by copyright. Disclaimer None of the parties compound in developing the IGBC Green Homes Version 1. 0 Abridged Reference Guide, including the Indian Green Building Council assume any liability or responsibility, to the drug user or any third parties for any injuries, losses or damages arising out of much(prenominal) use. Indian Green Building Council C/o Confederation of Indian Industry CII Sohrabji Godrej Green Business Centre examine No. 64, Kothaguda Post senior high-priced Kothaguda Cross Roads, R R Dist Hyderabad 500 032 2Acknowledgements The IGBC Green Homes Abridged Reference Guide has been make possible through and through the efforts of many dedicated volunteers, staff members and others in the IGBC community. The Reference Guide was developed by the IGBC Green Homes impression perpetration and many other members. We extend our deepest gratitude to exclusively(a) these members. Tremendous inputs also came in at the IGBC Green Homes launch on 02 May 2008, which had an overwhelming reception from stakeholders all over the unsophisticated. IGBC places on record its sincere thanks to the participating companies and individuals who enthusiastically volunteered during the break-out sessions.Our special thanks to the future(a) members for their participation and contributions in developing the valuation programme Mr Sharukh Mistry, Chairman, IGBC Green Homes Steering Committee & Director, Mistry Architects, Bangalore Dr Prem C Jain, Chairman, Indian Green Building Council & Chairman and Managing Director, Spectral Services Consultants individual(a) Limited, Noida Mr Sanjay Seth, zipper Economist, Bureau of Energy of efficiency, New Delhi Mr V Madhwa Raja, Su perintending Engineer, HMDA, Hyderabad Mr Arjun Valluri,Chairman, Surya Ray, Hyderabad Mr Ankoor Sanghvi, Architect, Ankoor Sanghvi Architects, Rajkot Dr Archana Walia, Programme Management Specialist, USAID, New Delhi Mr Chandrashekar Hariharan, CEO, Biodiversity Conservation India Limited, Bangalore Mr C. N. Raghavendran, Chairman, IGBC-Chennai Chapter & Partner, CRN Architects & Engineers, Chennai Mr C Shekar Reddy, death chair, Builders Forum, Hyderabad Mr Gerard Da Cunha, Proprietor, Architecture Autonomous, Goa Mr H N Daruwalla, Vice President, Godrej & Boyce Mfg.Co. Ltd. , Mumbai Mr Jaffer A A Khan, whiz Architect, JDS Architects, Bangalore Mr Jahangir Yar Khan, General Manager-Projects, Shree Ram Urban Infrastructure Ltd, Mumbai Dr Jyotirmay Mathur, Reader, Malaviya National wreak of Technology, Jaipur Mr K K Bhattacharya, Sr. Executive Director, DLF Utilities Pvt Ltd, Gurgaon 3 Mr K P Raghavan, Vice President & Head Buildings & Factories Sector, Larsen & Toub ro Ltd. Chennai Mr K R Gopinath, Chairman, KRG Rain pissing Foundation, Chennai Ms Meenu Garg, Consultant, Hyderabad Mr Pawan Malhotra, Managing Director, Mahindra Lifespace Developers Ltd, Mumbai Mr Rajan Rawal, Professor, CEPT University, Ahmedabad Mr Rajan Venkateswaran, Chief Architect, Larsen & Toubro Ltd, Chennai Mr Rumi P Engineer, Dy. General Manager, Godrej & Boyce Mfg. Co.Ltd, Mumbai Mr R Sri Kumar, Additional Director General of natural law, Chairman and Managing Director, Karnataka State Police Housing Corporation Limited, Bangalore Mr Sanjay Chawla, Chairman, IGBC Hyderabad Chapter, Business Head (Commercial and SEZ), Maytas Properties Ltd, Hyderabad Ms Suhasini Ayer, Architect, Auroville devise Consultants, Pondicherry Mr Vidur Bharadwaj, Chairman, IGBC Delhi Chapter & Managing Partner, invent & Development Consultants, New Delhi Dr Vishal Garg, Associate Professor, Centre for IT in Building Science, International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad Mr Zubin Irani, Managing Director, Carrier Airconditioning & Refrigeration Limited, Gurgaon 4Our sincere thanks are due to the following organisations for their participation in the programme Adapt Technologies & Consultancy Services India Pvt Ltd, Hyderabad ADC KRONE ,Bangalore build up Cooling Towers Pvt Ltd, Mumbai AFRA Consultancy, Hyderabad Ala Inc, Chennai Aliens Developers Private Limited, Hyderabad Altimate Envirocare Asia Pvt Ltd, Mumbai Aluplast India Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi Ankoor Sanghvi Architects, Rajkot Armstrong World Ind. India Pvt Ltd , Bangalore Architecture Autonomous, Goa Architect Hafeez Contractor, Mumbai Asahi India Glass Limited (AIS),Hyderaba d Auroville practice Consultants, Pondicherry Bamboo Finance, Switzerland Blue Run Ventures, New Delhi Blue aesthesis Limited, Hyderabad Brigade Group, Bangalore Buhari Holdings Private Limited, Chennai Bureau of Energy Efficiency, New Delhi Conserve Consultants Pvt.Ltd, Chennai Carrier Airconditi oning & Refrigeration Limited, Gurgaon CEPT University, Ahmedabad CRN Architects & Engineers, Chennai CSR Estates, Hyderabad intention & Development Consultants, New Delhi DLF Services Limited, Gurgaon DLF Utilities Pvt Ltd, Gurgaon Dow Chemical International Pvt Ltd, Mumbai digital subscriber line Infrastructure & Space Developers, Hyderabad Dynacraft Air wangles , Mumbai Emaar MGF Land Limited, New Delhi EN3 Consulting, Chennai KRG Rain pee system Foundation, Chennai KRVIA, Mumbai L&T Infocity Limited, Hyder abad Larsen & Toubro Limited, Chennai Lodha Group of Companies, Mumbai Mahindra Lifespace Developers Ltd, Mumbai Maithel & Associates Architects Pvt.Ltd, Jaipur Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur Manasaram Architects, Bangalore Master Consultancy & Productivity Pvt Ltd, Hyderabad Maxvel Technologies Pvt Ltd, Mumbai Maytas Properties Ltd, Hyderabad Mistry Architects, Bangalore Mozaic approach pattern Combine, Goa Nippon key fruit (In dia) Pvt Ltd, Hyderabad Oceanus Infrastructure (P) Ltd, Bangalor e Olympia Tech Park, Chennai Orbit Group, Kolkata Owens Corning Enterprise (India) Pvt Ltd, Mumbai Parsvnath Developers Ltd, New Delhi Potential Service Consultants (P) Ltd, Bangalore Prasad Escendo Consultancy, Hyderabad Rajarathnam grammatical constructions (P) Ltd, Chennai Rajco Metal Industries Pvt Ltd, Mumbai RITES Ltd, Gurgaon Roads and Buildings Dept. , Govt. , AP, Hyderabad S V Properties, Hyderabad S&S Constructions (India) Pvt. Ltd, Hyderabad Sai Construction Corporation, Hyderabad Saint Gobain Glass India Ltd, Chennai Sangam Project Consultants, Mumbai Satya Vani Project & Consultants Pvt. Ltd, Hyderabad Schneider Electric India Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi 5 Energy Conservation Mission, Hyderabad Everest Industries Ltd, Gopalapuram Tamilnadu ETA engineer Private Limited, Hyderabad Eximcorp India Pvt Ltd, New Delhi Federation of Engineering Institutions of South and Central Asia, Hyderabad F orbo Flooring India, New Delhi Forum (FBH), Hyderabad Genesis Planner (Pvt) Ltd, Mumbai Gherzi Eastern Limited, Mumbai Ghosh, Bose & Associates, Kolkata GMR Hyderabad Intl. Ltd, Hyderabad Godrej & Boyce Mfg. Co. Ltd, Mumbai Godrej Properties, Mumbai Greentech Knowledge Solutions (P) Ltd, New Delhi Green Tek Indika (GTI), Hyderabad Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd, Hyderabad Honeywell, Chennai Indu Projects Limited, Hyderabad infinity Infotech Parks Ltd, Kolkata Infinity Township Pvt.Ltd, Hyderabad Infosys BPO Limited, Bangalore Interface Flor India Pvt Ltd, Hyderabad International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad JDS Architects, Bangalore Johnson Control s, Mumbai Jones Lang LaSalle Meghraj, Gurgaon Kalpataru Ltd, Mumbai Karnataka State Police Housing Corporation Limited, Bangalore Khivraj Tech Park Pvt Ltd, Chennai Kirloskar Brothers Ltd, Coimbatore K Raheja Corp, Mumbai Sequoia chapiter India Advisors Pvt. Ltd, Bangalore Sevcon (India) Pvt Ltd, N ew Delhi SEW Constructions Ltd, Hyderabad Shapoorji Pallonji & Company Limited, Mumbai Shika Management Services, Hyderabad Shilpa Architects, Chennai SMR Builders Pvt Ltd, Hyderabad SMR Live Spaces, Hyderabad Shree Ram Urban Infrastructure Ltd, Mumbai Spectral Services Consultants Private Limited, Noida Srinivasa Shipping & Property Development Ltd, Chennai studio Decode, Bangalore Suchirindia Developers Pvt Ltd, Hyderabad Sugan Automatics Pvt.Ltd, Hyderabad Surbana International Consultants (India) Pvt Ltd, Hyderabad Supreme Petrochem Ltd, Mumbai Tameer Consulting Associates, Hyderabad Tata Housing Development Co. Ltd , Bangalore Team Labs & Consultants, Jaipur Terra Verde Architects, Hyderabad The Indian Institute of Architects, New Delhi Total Environment, Bangalore TSI Ventures, Bangalore UNUS Architects and Interior conceptioners, Hyderabad U P Twiga Fiberglass Ltd, Hyderabad USAID, New Delhi Vida Calma Homes Private Limited, Goa Virtuoso Consultant s, Hyderabad Voltas Limited, Hyderabad V Raheja Design Construction, Bangalore 6 Contents Foreword from Indian Green Building Council IGBC Green Homes 9 10 11 11 12 14 17 18Introduction Benefits of Green Homes National Priorities channelizeed in the Rating organisation IGBC Green Home Rating System IGBC Green Home member Updates and Addenda Green Homes Project Checklist identify plectrum and Planning required compulsion 1 Mandatory Requirement 2 rank address 1. 0 Site reference book 2. 0 Site deferred payment 3. 0 Site source 4. 0 Site accredit 5. 0 Site Credit 6. 0 Site Credit 7. 0 pissing Efficiency Mandatory Requirement 1 Mandatory Requirement 2 pee Credit 1. 0 Water Credit 2. 0 Water Credit 3. 0 Water Credit 4. 0 Water Credit 5. 0 Water Credit 6. 0 Water Credit 7. 0 Water Credit 8. 0 Water Credit 9. 0 Energy Efficiency Mandatory Requirement 1 Mandatory Requirement 2 Energy Credit 1. 0 Energy Credit 2. 0 Energy Credit 3. 0 Energy Credit 4. 0 Energy Credit 5. 0 E nergy Credit 6. Energy Credit 7. 0 Energy Credit 8. 0 chlorofluorocarbon-Free Equipment Minimum Energy Performance Energy Performance Energy Metering Refrigerators solar Water Heating Systems 50%,75%,95% Captive mightiness Generation On direct Re tonicable Energy 2. 5%, 5. 0%, 7. 5%, 10% Efficient Luminaries & Lighting personnel Density 20% Energy Saving Measures in other Appliances & Equipment 7 Local Regulations Soil Erosion prefatory Amenities Natural Topography or embellish 15%, 20% Heat Island Effect Roof 50%, 75% Parking Facilities for Visitors Electric Charging Facility for Vehicles Design for otherwise Abled Green Home Guidelines Design & Post Occupancy 21 22 23 25 26 27 28 29 30Rain body of pissing Harvesting, 50% Water Efficient Fixtures cover Design 20%,40% Drought loose Species 25% Management of Irrigation Systems Rain peeing supply system Harvesting, 75%, 95% color Water Treatment 50%,75%,95% Treated hoar Water for Landscaping 50%,75%,95% Treated Gr ey Water for Flushing 50%,75%,95% Water Efficient Fixtures 20%, 30% Water Metering 32 33 34 35 36 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 50 51 57 58 59 60 61 62 64 Materials Mandatory Requirement 1 Materials Credit 1. 0 Materials Credit 2. 0 Materials Credit 3. 0 Materials Credit 4. 0 Materials Credit 5. 0 Materials Credit 6. 0 Materials Credit 7. 0 Separation of depopulates Waste Reduction during Construction 75% Organic Waste Management, Post Occupancy 50%, 95% Materials with Recycled Content 10%, 20% Rapidly Renewable Materials 2. 5%, 5% Local Materials 50%, 75% recycle of Salvaged Materials 2. 5%, 5% attest wood Based Materials and Furniture 50%, 75% 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73Indoor Environmental Quality Mandatory Requirement 1 Mandatory Requirement 2 Mandatory Requirement 3 IEQ Credit 1. 0 IEQ Credit 2. 0 IEQ Credit 3. 0 IEQ Credit 4. 0 IEQ Credit 5. 0 IEQ Credit 6. 0 IEQ Credit 7. 0 Innovation and Design address hostelry Credit 1. 1 INN Credit 1. 2 INN Credit 1. 3 INN Credit 2. 0 Anne xure Abbreviations Innovation and Design Process Innovation and Design process Innovation and Design Process IGBC AP 91 91 91 92 93 103 Tobacco Smoke Control Daylighting 50% extraneous Air Ventilation Exhaust Systems Enhanced Fresh Air Ventilation 30% Low VOC Materials Carpets 5% Building Flush Out Daylighting 75%, 85%, 95% Cross Ventilation 75 76 78 80 81 83 85 86 87 89 8Foreword from the IGBC India is witnessing tremendous growth in infrastructure and pull development. The expression manufacturing in India is one of the largest economic activities and is emergence at an average rate of 9. 5% as compared to the global average of 5%. As the sector is growing rapidly, preserving the environment poses a host of challenges. To enable the face industry to be environmentally sensitive, CII-Sohrabji Godrej Green Business Centre has established the Indian Green Building Council (IGBC). IGBC is a consensus driven not-forprofit council representing the structure industry, consisti ng of more than 500 committed members.The council progresss builders, developers and owners to build one thousand to bring up the economic and environmental surgery of buildings. The Green Building transaction in India has been spearheaded by IGBC since 2001, by creating national awareness. The councils activities have enabled a market transformation with regard to Green Building concepts, materials and technologies. IGBC day-and-nightly works to go out tools that facilitate the ad election of green building practices in India. The development of IGBC Green Homes Rating System is another important step in this direction. IGBC Membership IGBC draws its distinctiveness from its members who have been partners in facilitating the Green Building Movement in India.The local chapters led by individual champions and committed members have been instrumental in stretchability out the vision of the IGBC at the regional levels. IGBC is today seen as a leader in spearheading the Indian green building movement. The council is member driven and consensus found. come to Indian Green Building Council C/o Confederation of Indian Industry CII Sohrabji Godrej Green Business Centre Survey No. 64, Kothaguda Post Near Kothaguda Cross Roads, R R District Hyderabad 500 032, India Ph +91 40 23112971-74 Fax +91 40 23112837 Email emailprotected in Web www. igbc. in 9 I. Introduction The housing sector in India is growing at a rapid pace and contributing immensely to the growth of the economy.This augurs well for the country and now there is an imminent need to introduce green concepts and techniques in this sector, which back end aid growth in a sustainable manner. Green concepts and techniques in the residential sector stack help address national issues like handling of sustainr waste, water efficiency, reduction in fossil fuel use in commuting, energy efficiency and conserving natural resources. Most importantly, these concepts digest enhance occupant health, happin ess and wellbeing. Against this background, Indian Green Building Council (IGBC) has launched IGBC Green Homes Rating System to address the national priorities. By applying IGBC Green Homes criteria, homes which are sustainable over the life cycle of the building substructure be constructed.This evaluate programme is a tool which enables the tendencyer to apply green concepts and criteria, so as to reduce the environmental impacts, which are measurable. The programme covers methodologies to cover diverse climatic zones and changing lifestyles. IGBC Green Homes is the first-year rating programme developed in India, exclusively for the residential sector. It is based on accepted energy and environmental principles and strikes a balance between know established practices and emerging concepts. The system is juted to be comprehensive in scope, yet honest in operation. IGBC has set up the Green Homes Core Committee to develop the rating programme. This committee comprised of key st akeholders including architects, developers, home owners, makers, institutions and industry representatives.The committee, with a diverse background and knowledge has enriched the rating system both in its content and process. 10 II. Benefits of Green Homes Green homes can have tremendous benefits, both tangible and intangible. The most tangible benefits are the reduction in water and energy white plague right from day one of occupancy. The energy nest egg could range from 20 30 % and water savings around 30 50%. intangible benefits of Green homes imply enhanced air quality, excellent daylighting, health & wellbeing of the occupants, safety benefits and conservation of scarce national resources. Green Homes rating system can also enhance marketability of a project. III.National Priorities Addressed in the Rating System The Green Homes Rating System addresses the most important National priorities which admit water conservation, handling of consumer waste, energy conservation, conservation of resources like wood and lesser dependence on usage of virgin materials. Water Efficiency Most of the Asian countries are water stressed and in countries like India the water instrument panel has reduced drastically over the last decade. Green Homes encourages use of water in a self sustainable manner through reducing, recycling and reusing strategies. By adopting this rating programme green homes can save potable water to an extent of 30 50%.Handling of House -hold Waste Handling of waste in residential buildings is extremely difficult as most of the waste generated is not segregated at source and has a high probability of going to land fills. This continues to be a challenge to the municipalities which needs to be addressed. IGBC intents to address this by encouraging green homes to segregate the house hold waste. Energy Efficiency The residential sector is a large consumer of electrical energy. IGBC Green Homes can reduce energy drug addiction through energy efficient lighting, air conditioning systems, motors, pumps etc. , The rating system encourages green homes which select and use BEE labeled equipment and appliances. The energy savings that can be realised by adopting this rating programme can be to the tune of 20 30%.Reduced Use of Fossil Fuels Fossil fuel is a slowly depleting resource, world over. The use of fossil fuel for transportation has been a major source of pollution. The rating system encourages the use of alternate fuels for transportation and mantled power generation. Reduced Dependency on Virgin Materials The rating system encourages projects to use recycled & reused material and discourages the use of virgin wood thereby addressing environmental impacts associated with source and processing of virgin materials. Reduced usage of virgin wood is also encouraged. 11 Health and Well-being of Occupants Health and well-being of occupants is the most important picture of Green Homes.IGBC Green Homes Rating System real ises minimum performance of daylighting and ventilation aspects which are critical in a home. The rating system recognises measures to minimise the indoor(a) air pollutants. IV. IGBC Green Homes Rating System IGBC has set up the Green Homes Core Committee to focus on residential sector. The committee includes architects, realtors, experts on building science and industry representatives. The varied experience and professions of the committee members brings in a holistic perspective in the process of developing the rating programme. A. Evolution of the Rating System IGBC, in its endeavor to extend green building concepts to all building types envisioned a rating programme for homes in December 2007.A heart committee was formed to a deject place the leadership of Ar Sharukh Mistry, Mistry Architects, Bangalore. The committee drafted the pilot reading material of the programme which was launched in May 2008. The rating system is forgeed to drive Indian climate and reflexion prac tices. About 220 members representing 120 organisations participated in the pilot programme. 52 projects with 41. 5 million sq. ft of building footprint field from non-homogeneous climatic zones registered under the pilot rating programme. After one year of implementation, feedback from pilot projects were recaped by the core committee and the suggestions have been hold backd in the final rating system launched in March 2009. The rating system will be subjected to a eview by the core committee, every 6 months, to ensure that it is updated and contemporary. B. Features of IGBC Green Homes IGBC Green Homes Rating System is a voluntary and consensus based programme. The rating system has been developed based on materials and technologies that are presently available. The objective of IGBC Green Homes is to facilitate the creation of energy efficient, water efficient, healthy, comfortable and environmentally friendly houses. The rating system evaluates received credit full stops using a prescriptive orgasm and other credits on a performance based approach. The rating system is evolved so as to be comprehensive and at the aforesaid(prenominal) duration user-friendly.The programme is fundamentally designed to address national priorities and quality of life for occupants. 12 The rating programme uses well accepted national standards and wherever local or national standards are not available, appropriate international benchmarks have been considered. C. Scope of IGBC Green Homes IGBC Green Homes Rating System is a measurement system designed for rating new residential buildings which broadly include two construction types 1. Dwellings where interiors are part of the project. 2. Dwellings where interiors are not part of the project *Interiors include but not limited to refrigerators, internal lighting, furniture, carpets, etc.Based on the scope of work, projects can choose any of the above options. The following categories of dwelling can apply for rating v I ndividual homes v Gated communities v High rise residential apartments v Existing residential buildings v Residential buildings with major renovation v Hostels, Service apartments, Resorts, Motels and Guest houses In general all dwelling spaces which can affect the needful requirements and minimum points can apply. Various levels of green building software documentation are awarded based on the total points earned. D. The Future of IGBC Green Homes Many new green building materials, equipment and technologies are being introduced in the market.With continuous up-gradation and induction of new green technologies and mathematical products, it is important that the rating programme also keeps pace with current standards and technologies. Therefore, the rating programme will also undergo periodic revisions to incorporate the latest advances and changes. It is important to note that project teams applying for IGBC Green Homes should register their projects with the latest version of the rating system. During the course of implementation, projects have an option to transit to the latest version of the rating system. IGBC will highlight new developments on its website on a continuous basis at www. igbc. in 13 V. IGBC Green Homes Process The guidelines circumstantial under each credit enable the design and construction of green homes of all sizes and types.IGBC Green Homes addresses green features under the following categories v Site Selection and Planning v Water Efficiency v v v v Energy Efficiency Materials Indoor Environmental Quality Innovation & Design Process Different levels of green building certification are awarded based on the total credits earned. However, every Green Home should meet certain mandatory requirements, which are non-negotiable. The various levels of rating awarded are v Certified to recognise outperform practices v Silver to recognise outstanding performance v Gold to recognise national excellence v Platinum to recognise global leade rship a. When to use IGBC Green Homes IGBC Green Homes is designed primarily for new residential buildings.However, it is also applicable for existing buildings redesigned in accordance with the IGBC Green Homes criteria. The project team can evaluate all the possible points to apply under the rating system using a suitable checklist. The project can apply for IGBC Green Homes certification if it can meet all mandatory requirements and discover the minimum necessary points. b. IGBC Green Homes Registration Project teams interested in IGBC Green Homes certification for their project must first register with IGBC. Projects can be registered on IGBC website (www. igbc. in) under IGBC Green Homes. The website includes information on registration fee for IGBC member companies as well as non-members.Registration is the initial step which helps establish affair with IGBC and rears plan of attack to the required documents, templates, important communications and other necessary inform ation. Consult the web site for important details about IGBC Green Homes application as well as the certification review process, schedule and fee. 14 c. IGBC Green Homes Certification Levels The rating system caters to projects like individual houses, apartments, motels, resorts, hostels, etc. , Amongst the different types, projects are broadly classified into two categories v Projects where interiors are part of scope of work v Projects where interiors are not part of the scope of work Interiors include but not limited to materials like interior finishes & furniture and appliances like refrigerators, fans, lights etc. As a general guideline, individual owners can use the checklist Projects with Interiors and developers & builders can use the checklist titled Projects without Interiors. However, if the context varies, projects can adopt the one which is the closest fit. The threshold criteria for certification levels are as under Certification Level Certified Silver Gold Platinum Points for projects with interiors 32 39 40 47 48 59 60 80 Points for projects without interiors 30 36 37 44 45 55 56 75 d. Documentation The project team is expected to provide supporting documents at each stage of submission for all the mandatory requirements and the credits attempted.Supporting documents are those which provide specific p jacket crown of meeting the required performance level, much(prenominal) as, specifications, drawings (in native format moreover), cutsheets, manufacturers literature, procure invoices and other documents. These details are mentioned in this guide, under each credit / mandatory requirement. Documentation is submitted in two phases design submittals and construction submittals v The design submission involves those credits which can be evaluated at the design stage. The reference guide provides the list of design and construction phase credits. After the design submission, review is done by third party assessors and review comments wo uld be provided within 40 working old age. v The next phase involves submission of clarifications to design queries and construction document submittal.The construction document is submitted on completion of the project. This review will also be provided within 40 working days, after which the rating is awarded. 15 It is important to note that the credits earned at the design review are lonesome(prenominal) considered as anticipated and are not awarded until the final construction documents are submitted along with additional documents showing implementation of design features. If there are changes for any design credit anticipated, these changes need to be documented and resubmitted for the construction review phase. IGBC will recognise homes that achieve one of the rating levels with a formal letter of certification and a mountable plaque. e.Precertification Projects by developers can register for Precertification. This is an option provided for projects aspiring to let precerti fied at the design stage. The documentation submitted for precertification must detail the project design features which will be implemented. The rating awarded under precertification is based on the projects intention to conform to the requirements of Green Homes Rating system. It is important to note that the precertification rating awarded need not neccesarily correspond to the final certification. Precertified projects are required to provide the status of the project to IGBC, in relation to the rating, once in every six months until the award of the final rating.Precertification gives the owner/developer a unique utility to market the project to potential buyers. Those projects which seek precertification need to submit the following documentation For each credit, a narrative on how the project would meet the aspiration Design calculations, wherever appropriate Drawings (in native format only) as appropriate Filled in templates wherever applicable IGBC would take 40 worki ng days to review the first set of precertification documents. On receiving the clarifications posed in the first review, IGBC would take another 40 working days to award the precertification. A surety and a letter are provided to projects on precertification. f.Credit meter reading Ruling In some instances the design team can face certain challenges in applying or interpreting a mandatory requirement or a credit. It can also happen in cases where the project can opt to achieve the same goal through a different compliance route. To resolve this IGBC uses the process of Credit Interpretation Ruling (CIR) to ensure that rulings are consistent and applicable to other projects as well. 16 The following are the steps to be followed in case the project team faces a problem v Consult the Reference Guide for exposition of the credit goal, compliance options and calculations. v Review the goal of the credit or mandatory requirement and self-evaluate whether the project satisfies the goal. Review the Credit Interpretation web page for previous CIR on the relevant credit or mandatory requirement. All projects registered under IGBC Green Homes will have access to this page. v If a similar CIR has not been addressed or does not answer the question sufficiently, submit a credit interpretation request. Only registered projects are qualified to military post CIRs. Two CIRs are answered without levying any fee and for any CIR beyond the first two CIRs, a fee is levied. g. Appeal Generally credits get denied due to misinterpretation of the goal. On receipt of the final review, the project team has the option to appeal to IGBC for reassessment of denied credits or mandatory requirements.The documentation for the mandatory requirements or credits seeking appeal may be resubmitted to IGBC along with necessary fee. IGBC will take 40 working days to review such documentation. These submissions would be reviewed by an assessor not involved in the earlier assessments. Documentati on for appeals should include the following i. Documentation submitted for design submission ii. Documentation submitted for construction submission iii. Clarifications along with necessary drawings and calculations VI. Fee Certification fee details can be found on IGBC website. VII. Updates and Addenda This is the first version of IGBC Green Homes Abridged Reference Guide. As the rating system continues to improve and evolve, updates and addenda to he reference guide will be made available through the website. These additions will be unified in the next version of the rating system. 17 Points Available Checklist for Green Homes Site Selection and Planning Local Regulations Soil Erosion Basic Amenities Natural Topography or Landscape 15%, 25% Heat Island Effect Roof 50%, 75% Parking Facilities for Visitors Electric charging Facility for Vehicl es Design for Differently Abled Green Home Guidelines Design & Post Occupancy Projects with Interiors Projects without Interiors Mandato ry Requirement 1 Mandatory Requirement 2 Site Credit 1. 0 Site Credit 2. 0 Site Credit 3. 0 Site Credit 4. 0 Site Credit 5. 0 Site Credit 6. 0 Site Credit 7. 0 needed postulate 1 2 2 1 1 1 NA 8 undeniable Required 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 9 Required Required 2 1 2 2 3 3 3 3 1 20 Required Required 10 1 NA 3 1 4 1 1 21 Mandatory Requirement 1 Mandatory Requirement 2 Water Credit 1. 0 Water Credit 2. 0 Water Credit 3. 0 Water Credit 4. 0 Water Credit 5. 0 Water Credit 6. 0 Water Credit 7. 0 Water Credit 8. 0 Water Credit 9. 0 Water Efficiency Rainwater Harvesting, 50% Water Efficient Fixtures Turf Design 20%, 40% Drought Tolerant Species 25% Management of Irrigation System s Rainwater Harvesting 75%,95% Grey Water Treatment 50%, 75%, 95% Treated Grey Water for Landscaping 50%, 75%, 95% Treated Grey Water forFlushing 50%, 75%, 95% Water Efficient Fixtures 20%, 30% Water Metering Energy Efficiency CFC Free Equipment Minimum Energy Performance Energy Performance Energy Metering Refrigerator s Solar Water Heating Systems 50%, 75%, 95% Captive Power Generation On-site Renewable Energy 2. 5%, 5. 0%, 7. 5%, 10% Efficient luminaries & Lighting power density 20% Energy Saving Measures in Other Appliances & Equipment Required Required 2 1 2 2 3 3 3 3 1 20 Mandatory Requirement 1 Mandatory Requirement 2 Energy Credit 1. 0 Energy Credit 2. 0 Energy Credit 3. 0 Energy Credit 4. 0 Energy Credit 5. 0 Energy Credit 6. 0 Energy Credit 7. 0 Energy Credit 8. 0 Required Required 10 1 1 3 1 4 1 1 22 18 Materials Mandatory Requirement 1 Material Credit 1. 0 Material Credit 2. 0 Material Credit 3. 0 Material Credit 4. 0 Materials Credit 5. 0 Material Credit 6. 0 Material Credit 7. Separation of Waste Waste Reduction During Construction 75% Organic Waste Management, Post Occupancy 50%, 95% Materials with Recycled Content 10%, 20% Rapidly Renewable Materials 2. 5%, 5% Local Materials 50%, 75% Reuse of Salvaged Materials 2. 5%, 5% Certified Wood Based Materials and Furniture 50%, 7 5% Indoor Environmental Quality Tobacco Smoke Control Daylighting 50% Fresh Air Ventilation Exhaust Systems Enhanced Fresh Air Ventilation 30% Low VOC Materials Carpets 5% Building Flush Out Daylighting 75%, 85%, 95% Cross Ventilation Innovation and Design Process Innovation and Design Process Innovation and Design Process Innovation and Design Process IGBC AP Total Required 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 13 Mandatory Requirement 1 Mandatory Requirement 2 Mandatory Requirement 3 IEQ Credit 1. IEQ Credit 2. 0 IEQ Credit 3. 0 IEQ Credit 4. 0 IEQ Credit 5. 0 IEQ Credit 6. 0 IEQ Credit 7. 0 Required Required Required 2 2 2 1 1 3 2 13 INN Credit 1. 1 INN Credit 1. 2 INN Credit 1. 3 INN Credit 2. 0 1 1 1 1 4 80 Required 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 12 Required Required Required NA 2 2 NA NA 3 2 9 1 1 1 1 4 75 IGBC Green Homes Certification Levels Rating Certified Silver Gold Platinum Projects with Interiors 32 39 40 47 48 59 60 80 Points Projects without Interiors 30 36 37 44 45 55 56 75 19 place SELECTION AND PLANNING Site Selection and Planning 20 SITE SELECTION AND PLANNING Local Regulations Mandatory Requirement 1 culture Construction instaltalTo ensure that the building complies with the required statutory regulatory codes. deference Options The following measures need to be ensured Approval of the plan from the competent Government authority Fit for occupancy document from the competent Government authority Documentation Required Provide an approved plan and / or fit for occupancy documents obtained from the competent Government authority. Provide photographs / as-built drawings of the completed building. entree and Methodologies Survey the statutory requirements in the scope that the building is constructed. Ensure that these requirements are incorporated at the design stage. 21 SITE SELECTION AND PLANNINGSoil Erosion Mandatory Requirement 2 purpose To manoeuver crack erosion and thereby reduce controvert impacts to the site. Compliance Options Adopt the following me asures Construction Submittal v Ensure erosion control measures that conform to the best worry practices highlighted in the National Building Code (NBC) of India. v Ensure that topsoil is stockpiled for reuse later. v Develop appropriate measures to address soil erosion, post occupancy. Documentation Required Provide photographs to show stockpiling of topsoil. Submit a description on the measures implemented / provide the erosion control plan adopted. Submit a post occupancy erosion control plan.Approach and Methodologies Evolve strategies to stockpile top soil and reuse later for landscape purpose or stockpiled soil can be donated to other sites for landscaping purpose. Consider adopting measures such as temporary and permanent seeding, mulching, earth dikes, silt fencing, sediment traps, and sediment basins as appropriate. gift areas can be landscaped (eg. , grass, trees, shrubs). Paved areas can be installed with permeable paving. For impermeable surfaces direct all run off to wards storm water gathering pits. 22 SITE SELECTION AND PLANNING Basic Amenities Site Credit 1. 0 Goal Design Submittal Point 1 To reduce the negative impacts from automobile use and enhance the overall quality of life by providing amenities.Compliance Options Select a site with access to atleast five amenities, within a walkway distance of 1 Km (see list in Exhibit A) AND In multi-dwelling units, provide seating area & toilets in the common area and tot-lots within the campus. note This point can be earned only if the amenities are available before or at the time of project completion. Documentation Required Provide an area map (to scale) indicating the path and distances from the proposed building to the household amenities or public transport systems. Provide photographs. Approach and Methodologies Select sites near public transit and / or household services and amenities that are accessible by safe, convenient pedestrian pathways. Only restaurants can be counted twice and all other amenities to be considered only once. 23SITE SELECTION AND PLANNING Exhibit A List of Basic Amenities Grocery store Electrician / bathymetry services School Dhobi / Laundry Bank / ATM Creche Fitness Center /Gym Library Medical clinic / Hospital Pharmacy Post shoes / Courier service Place of Worship Restaurant Supermarket Other neighborhood-serving retail Electricity / Water utility bills payment counter Playground Jogging quest for 24 SITE SELECTION AND PLANNING Natural Topography or Landscape 15%, 25% Site Credit 2. 0 Goal Construction Submittal Points 2 Minimise disturbances to the building site so as to reduce long-term environmental impacts. Compliance Options Avoid disturbance to site by etaining the natural topography of the site and / or design landscape for at least 15% of the site area. Points are awarded as below Points for retaining natural topography or landscaping Percentage of site area with natural topography and/or landscaped area 15% 2 5% Notes Parking areas, walkways etc. , are considered as site disturbances. Landscape refers to soft landscaping which include only vegetative materials. Natural topography in its broad sense means preserving natural features of the terrain. Landscaped areas over built structures such as roofs, cellar etc cannot be considered for the purpose of calculation of landscaped area. Potted plants will not be considered as landscape. Points 1 2Documentation Required Provide drawings, calculations and photographs showing the site area with natural topography (and / or) landscaped area. Approach and Methodologies Design the building with a minimal footprint (by tightening design needs and stacking floor plans). Consider retaining the natural topography in the site or design landscape to the extent possible. In sites which have fully grown trees, avoid destruction. Avoid developing paved surfaces on the site, as much as possible. 25 SITE SELECTION AND PLANNING Heat Island Effect Roof 50%, 75% Site Credit 3. 0 Goal Construction Submittal Points 2 Reduce heat islands (thermal gradient differences between developed and undeveloped areas) to minimise impact on microclimate.Compliance Options Use material with high solar reflectance and thermal emittance (such as, white china mosaic or white cement tiles or any other extremely reflective materials) and / or provide vegetation to cover atleast 50% of the exposed roof areas. Points are awarded as below Points for Heat Island Effect Roof Percentage of green roof/ high reflective material 50% 75% Note Exposed roof area does not include areas occupied by equipment such as HVAC, solar water heater, photovoltaic etc. , Documentation Required Provide roof drawings highlighting location and the extent of highly reflective roof materials / green roof provided.Approach and Methodologies To maximise energy savings and minimise heat island effect, select materials that exhibit high reflectivity and high emissivity. Consider p roviding green roofs or using highly reflective materials over roof to reduce the heat island effect. Typical materials with high reflective properties include china mosaic, white cement tiles, paints with high Solar wistful Index (SRI) values etc. , Points 1 2 26 SITE SELECTION AND PLANNING Parking Facilities for Visitors Site Credit 4. 0 Goal Design Submittal Points 1 To provide suitable parking within the site to minimise disturbance caused due to parking on public roads and thereby enhance quality of life.Compliance Options Parking capacity to be provided as per local byelaws and parking for visitors to be provided as follows For individual homes provide 1 visitor car park For multi-dwelling units provide an additional 10% parking area over and above the local code, reserved for visitors only. Documentation Required Provide calculations on parking supply as per local regulations. Submit plans indicating the visitor car park area. Approach and Methodologies Design the buildi ng to ensure adequate parking provisions are made to cater to the occupants as well as the visitors. Parking provisions should take into account two wheelers and four wheelers. While designing parking facilities, consider wine cellar/ stilts parking to reduce the heat island effect. When surface parking is planned, consider permanent cover or other design strategies to address heat island effect as a result of such provisions. 27SITE SELECTION AND PLANNING Electric Charging Facility for Vehicles Site Credit 5. 0 Goal Design Submittal Point 1 To encourage the use of electric vehicles to reduce pollution from automobile use. Compliance Options Provide electric charging facility within the site, as follows For individual homes provide atleast one such facility For multi-dwelling units provide electric charging facility, to cover 10% of the total parking capacity reserved for building occupants and visitors. The electric charging facility should cater to both two wheelers and four wh eelers. Documentation Required Provide parking plans showing provisions for electric charging facility.Provide calculations demonstrating that these facilities meet the credit criteria. Approach and Methodologies Survey the type of electric vehicles already plying on the roads and also survey the kind of vehicles which may come up in the future. Create facilities so as to charge these kinds of vehicles. Consider having adequate number of charging facilities based on the charging time. While considering such charging facilities, ensure that all safety aspects have been addressed. 28 SITE SELECTION AND PLANNING Design for Differently Abled Site Credit 6. 0 Goal To ensure that the building can cater to differently abled people Compliance Options Design Submittal Point 1The building design should incorporate the following provisions for differently abled people, as applicable Appropriately designed preferred car parking spaces in an area which has easy access to the main glamour or cl oser to the lift (one parking space for every 100 dwelling units) Provision for easy access to the main entrance Uniformity in flooring level/ ramps in common areas Rest rooms (toilets) in common areas designed for differently abled people Braille and audio recording assistance in lifts for visually impaired people Documentation Required Provide drawings showing provisions for differently abled people. excessively submit photographs.Approach and Methodologies Identify all probable facilities required to cater to differently abled people. Design the building to ensure that certain basic minimum provisions for differently abled people are incorporated. 29 SITE SELECTION AND PLANNING Green Home Guidelines Design & Post Occupancy Site Credit 7. 0 Design Submittal Point 1 Not applicable for projects with interiors Goal Provide prospective buyers and occupants with descriptive guidelines that educate and help them implement green design features within their apartment / houses. Com pliance Options Marketing and design stage Include green design features proposed along with details of the green homes rating pursued in the marketing brochures.Post Occupancy stage Publish green home guidelines providing information that helps occupants to implement green ideas. Documentation Required Provide a copy of the marketing brochure along with green design features. withal submit a copy of the Green Home Guidelines which will be tending(p) to the occupants. Approach and Methodologies Develop a summary of sustainable design features incorporated in the Green Home project. Also include tips and guidelines which can be considered by the occupants in designing the interiors. 30 WATER EFFICIENCY Water Efficiency 31 WATER EFFICIENCY Rainwater Harvesting, 50% Mandatory Requirement 1 Goal Construction SubmittalTo increase the ground water table or to reduce the usage of water through effective and appropriate rainwater management. Compliance Options Provide rainwater harvestin g or storage system to sequester atleast 50% of the runoff volumes from the roof surfaces. In coastal areas where the groundwater table is shallow and water percolation is limited, collection tanks may be provided meeting the above requirement. runoff coefficients for Typical Surface Types S. No 1 2 3 4 5 Note For normal annual rainfall refer Metrological surgical incision data at http//www. imd. gov. in Documentation Required Provide details on the rainwater harvesting system specifying storage capacity and volume of water sequesterd. Provide details of haved rainwater.Approach and Methodologies Survey the water table in the area. Design appropriate harvesting system based on the sub-surface characteristics. Factors to be considered include weathering, fractures & joints for fierce sites and thickness of aquifer for sedimentary sites. Capture rainwater from roof top for reuse. The design should also include flushing arrangement to let out impurities in the first few showers. S uch pollutants and impurities include paper waste, leaves, boo droppings, dust, etc. Surface Type Cemented/ tiled Roof Roofs Conventional Roof Garden ( 500 mm) Runoff Coefficient 0. 95 0. 95 0. 95 0. 30 0. 10 32 WATER EFFICIENCY Water Efficient Fixtures Mandatory Requirement 2Goal To minimise indoor water usage by installing efficient water fixtures. Compliance Options Construction Submittal Select water fixtures whose average give rates / capacities meet the values mentioned in the table below Baseline hang Rates / Capacity for Water Fixtures in a Typical Household S. No 1 2 Items Flush fixtures Flow fixtures Units LPF LPM Base line average flow rates / capacity 6/3 12 * At a flowing water pressure of 3 bar Notes Flow fixtures include faucets, basin mixer, taps, showers, shower mixers. The baseline flows can be demonstrated at flowing water pressure of 3 bar. flux water pressure of 3bar does not mean that the water supply in the building is at 3 bar. The uilding fixtures can operate at level pressures but to show compliance under this credit, the design flow rates are to be submitted at 3 bar. The average flow rate is a simple arithmetic average of all the respective flush / flow fixtures. Documentation Required Submit data manual by product manufacturer to plunk for that conditions above have been satisfied. Approach and Methodologies While selecting water fixtures, look for the efficiencies. The product catalogue or the brochure may detail the flow rates at various pressures. Fixtures are available with ultra high efficiency which can reduce substantial quantity of water consumption. 33 WATER EFFICIENCY Turf Design 20%, 40% Water Credit 1. 0Goal To limit such landscape which consumes large quantities of water. Compliance Options Design Submittal Points 2 Limit the use of greensward on the site so as to conserve water. Points are awarded as below. Points for Limited Use of Turf Turf area as a division of total landscaped area 20% 40% Points 2 1 Areas planted with turf should not exceed a slope of 25 percentage (i. e. , a 4 to 1 slope). Notes This point is applicable only for those projects which have atleast 15% of the site area landscaped. Landscape refers to soft landscaping which include only vegetative materials. Documentation Required Provide a landscape plan specifying the species used.Provide photographs. Approach and Methodologies During landscape design minimise turf to the extent possible. Select plants, shrubs and trees which consume less water. 34 WATER EFFICIENCY Drought Tolerant Species 25% Water Credit 2. 0 Goal Landscape to be designed to ensure minimum consumption of water. Compliance Options Design Submittal Points 1 Ensure that atleast 25% of the landscaped area is planted with drought tolerant species. Notes This point is applicable only for those projects which have atleast 15% of the site/ plot area landscaped. Drought tolerant species are those species that do not require supplemental irrigati on.Generally accepted time butt against for temporary irrigation is one to two years. Documentation Required Provide a landscape plan indicating the percentage of landscaped area which uses drought tolerant species. Also provide a list of the species used and highlight their drought tolerant nature. Approach and Methodologies Select species that are well-adapted to the site. Select those species which are drought tolerant. Consider xeriscaping as an approach for landscaping. 35 WATER EFFICIENCY Management of Irrigation Systems Water Credit 3. 0 Goal Construction Submittal Points 2 Reduce the demand for irrigation water through water-efficient management techniques.Compliance Options (1 point for any three features) Provide highly efficient irrigation system incorporating atleast two features mentioned below Provide a central shut-off valve Provide a moisture sensor controller Turf and each type of bedding area must be segregated into independent zones based on lacrimation n eeds Atleast 50% of landscape planting beds must have drip irrigation system to reduce evaporation Install time based controller for the valves such that the evaporation loss is minimum and plant health is ensured Use pressure regulating devices to maintain optimal pressure to prevent water loss some(prenominal) other innovative methods for watering Documentation Required Provide a detailed description of managing the irrigation systems installed. Provide landscape plans with the names of the species. Provide cut sheets and photographs of the systems installed.Approach and Methodologies The irrigation management system must be designed based on the requirements of the landscape plan, and installed as per the design. The designer and the installer must work together and ensure the planned performance of the system. 36 WATER EFFICIENCY Rainwater Harvesting, 75%, 95% Water Credit 4. 0 Goal Construction Submittal Points 2 To increase the ground water table or to reduce the usage of wat er through effective and appropriate rainwater management. Compliance Options Provide rainwater harvesting system to capture roof water generated from roof area to utilize in landscape irrigation or indoor water usage. In coastal areas where the groundwater table is shallow and water percolation is limited, collection tanks may be provided meeting the above requirement.Points are awarded as below Points for Rainwater Harvesting Rainwater Harvesting System to capture / recharge 75% runoff from roof area 95% runoff from roof area Notes In areas where recharging the aquifier is not feasible, collection and reuse may be considered. For normal annual http//www. imd. gov. in rainfall refer Metrological Department data at Points 1 2 Documentation Required Provide details on the rainwater harvesting system specifying storage capacity and volume of water captured. Provide details of captured rainwater. 37 WATER EFFICIENCY Approach and Methodologies Survey the water table in the area. Des ign appropriate harvesting structure based on the sub-surface characteristics. Factors to be considered include weathering, fractures & joints for rocky sites and thickness of aquifer for sedimentary sites.Capture rainwater from roof top for reuse. The design should also include flushing arrangement to let out impurities in the first few showers. Such pollutants and impurities include paper waste, leaves, bird droppings, dust, etc. 38 WATER EFFICIENCY Grey Water Treatment 50%, 75%, 95% Water Credit 5. 0 Goal Construction Submittal Points 3 Reduce the consumption of water by in situ intercession of color in water generated so as not to pollute the municipal streams. Compliance Options Provide an on-site grey water treatment system to treat atleast 50% of grey water generated in the building, to standards suitable for flushing and landscaping purpose.Points are awarded as below Points for Grey Water Treatment Grey Water Treated as a Percentage of Total Grey Water generated in Build ing 50% 75% 95% Note Grey water is neither clean nor heavily soiled waste water that comes from clothes stifleers, bathtub, showers, bathroom wash basins, kitchen sinks and dish washers. More specifically, it is the un handle waste water which has not come into contact with toilet waste. Documentation Required Provide a detailed description of the on-site grey water treatment system. Provide photographs / cut sheets from the manufacturers. Provide water balance of the building. Provide details of usage of treated grey water within the building. Points 2 3 39 WATER EFFICIENCY Approach and Methodologies Calculate the grey water volumes generated in the building. Design appropriately the capacity of the on-site grey water treatment system. While designing the treatment system, ensure that the treated grey water meets the required quality standards based on its purpose of application. Have signages all around the building to caution occupants and housekeeping staff that this water i s not potable. 40 WATER EFFICIENCY Treated Grey Water for Landscaping 50%, 75%, 95% Water Credit 6. 0 Goal Construction Submittal Points 3 Reduce demand for fresh water by using treated grey water for landscaping.Compliance Options Reduce atleast 50% of potable water requirement for landscaping by using treated grey water generated within the site. AND The treated grey water for reuse must conform to the quality standards as prescribed by Central / State Pollution Control Board. Points are awarded as below. Points for Treated Grey Water for Landscaping Percentage of Treated Grey Water Treated used for Landscaping 50% 75% 95% Points 1 2 3 Note This point can be claimed only if the grey water that is reused is treated in situ. Documentation Required Provide a detailed description of landscaping water requirement and how the treated grey water or rain water will meet this requirement. Also provide calculations on quantity and quality of grey water reused. 41WATER EFFICIENCY Approac h and Methodologies Install an adequately sized grey water treatment plant. Ensure that the quality of the treated grey water is fit and safe for reuse. Prioritise the use of treated grey water such that irrigation requirements are given top priority. Excess treated grey water can also be used for flushing and make-up water for air-conditioning systems. Ensure periodic testing of the treated water to meet the quality standards as prescribed by Central / State Pollution Control Board. 42 WATER EFFICIENCY Treated Grey Water for Flushing 50%, 75%, 95% Water Credit 7. 0 Goal Construction Submittal Points 3 Reduce demand for fresh water by using treated grey water for flushing requirements.Compliance Options Provide separate water plumbing lines for flushing purpose and source atleast 50% of the flushing water requirements from the treated grey water available. AND The treated grey water for reuse must conform to the quality standards as prescribed by Central / State Pollution Control B oard. Points are awarded as below. Points for Treated Grey Water for Flushing Percentage of Treated Grey Water Treated used for Flushing 50% 75% 95% Note This point can be claimed only if the grey water that is reused is treated in situ. Documentation Required Submit drawings showing separate plumbing lines for treated grey water. Provide calculations to show the quantity of grey water used for flushing.Points 1 2 3 43 WATER EFFICIENCY Approach and Methodologies Evaluate the water consumption in the building and ascertain the quantity of grey water generated. Also evaluate the availability of grey water for flushing purposes and accordingly install the dual plumbing lines. Design the plumbing system accordingly. 44 WATER EFFICIENCY Water Efficient Fixtures 20%, 30% Water Credit 8. 0 Goal To minimise indoor water usage by installing efficient water fixtures. Compliance Options Construction Submittal Points 3 Select water fixtures whose average flow rates / capacities are lower th an the given baseline values for all the items mentioned below.Points are awarded as below Points for Water Efficient Flow Fixtures Points Awarded S. No 1 2 Items Flush fixtures Flow fixtures * Base line Average Flow / Capacity 6/3 12 Units LPF LPM Water consumption 20% lower than baseline 1 Water consumption 30% lower than baseline 1 2 * At a flowing water pressure of 3 bar Notes Flow fixtures include faucets, basin mixer, taps, showers, shower mixers. The baseline flows can be demonstrated at flowing water pressure of 3 bar. flowing water pressure of 3bar does not mean that the water supply in the building is at 3 bar. The building fixtures can operate at lower pressures but to show compliance under this credit, the design flow rates are to be submitted at 3 bar.The average flow rate is a simple arithmetic average of all the respective flush / flow fixtures. Documentation Required Submit data manual by product manufacturer to confirm that conditions above have been satisfied. Provide calculations to show the percentage of water savings. 45 WATER EFFICIENCY Approach and Methodologies While selecting water fixtures, look for the efficiencies. The product catalogue or the brochure may detail the flow rates at various pressures. Fixtures are available with ultra high efficiency which can reduce substantial quantity of water consumption. 46 WATER EFFICIENCY Water Metering Water Credit 9. 0 Goal Design Submittal Points 1To encourage continuous monitoring and enhance the performance of the residential dwelling unit(s). Compliance Options Provide water meters for any three of the following Treated grey water consumption Landscape water consumption Rain water reuse Airconditioning cooling tower make-up Hot water consumption Any other major source of water consumption such as, swimming pools, water fountain, common car wash facilities Documentation Required Describe the metering equipment installed. Provide cut sheets for the meters installed. Approach and M ethodologies Identify all the major water consuming areas and install systems to monitor their consumptions.Develop and implement a measurement and verification mechanism to compare predicted water savings to actual water consumption. 47 zilch EFFICIENCY Energy Efficiency 48 ENERGY EFFICIENCY CFC-Free Equipment Mandatory Requirement 1 Goal Design Submittal To avoid the use of such refrigerants and ozone layer depleting gases which will negatively impact the environment Compliance Options Refrigerants used in Heating, Ventilation & Air-conditioning (HVAC) equipment and unitary air-conditioners installed must be CFC-free. Documentation Required Provide a declaration signed by a responsible party declaring that the building HVAC systems do not use CFC based refrigerants. Approach and Methodologies Survey the market for all CFC-free HVAC systems.Such systems are also available in smaller capacities. Install HVAC equipment which does not use CFC based refrigerant. 49 ENERGY EFFICIENCY M inimum Energy Performance Mandatory Requirement 2 Goal Design Submittal Optimise energy efficiency of the building to reduce environmental impacts from excessive energy use. Compliance Options The project should achieve the following minimum number of points as illustrated under the Energy Credit 1. 0 Type of Building Non Air-conditioned Air-conditioned Minimum number of points to be achieved 3 4 For further details, refer to Energy Credit 1. 0. 50 ENERGY EFFICIENCY Energy Performance Energy Credit 1. 0 Design Submittal Points 10

Taking a Stand

Jessica Pratt Taking a Stand Dear ladies and gentle manpower of the court, today I stand before you to debate whether or not Atticus should moderate defended gobbler Robinson. I assure you that you can place all of your trust in me because I am completely unbiased since I am not antiblack and I am in no way related to Atticus. While it is true that Atticus Finch caused dissension by defending a dark opus, he had no pickax but to defend gobbler Robinson, a man created in the image of God and therefore equal to his fellow sporty and black brothers. Today, the prosecutors give point out some facts about Atticus that up to now I, his defender, cannot deny.I cannot in severe conscience begin to defend Atticus until I acknowledge his weaknesses. To begin with, the truth remains that Atticus put his family and himself in emotional and physical danger. Because Atticus chooses to defend Tom Robinson, scouts classmates pick on her at school. For instance, Cecil Jacobs says, My folk s said your daddy was a disgrace an that n***** oughta hang from the water-tank. (Lee 102). He also called Scout a coward when she refuses to fight him. In addition, Atticus places himself in physical danger by defending Tom Robinson when a mob threatens him because he camped out at Toms jail cell (202).If Jem and Scout would not have stepped in, injuries and maybe death could have occurred. No doubt, Atticus put his family and himself in emotional and physical danger. Furthermore, the prosecutors will argue that Atticus should not have defended Tom Robinson since he knew he would lose. Atticus tells Scout that he will not win this case since Tom Robinson is a black man accused by a white family (101). A black man is considered dishonest and the chance of the jury to believe a black mans word versus a white family was extremely unlikely.As I stated earlier, no one can deny these facts or the logic behind the reasons. Not even I can. However, in spite of these facts, I ask that you consider the reasons why Atticus puts his family and himself in physical and emotional danger. When you hear these, I believe you will see his actions as averageifiable and acquit him of any guilt. Although Atticus loves his family and would never want harm to come to them, if he did not defend Tom Robinson he could be considered a hypocrite. Instead, Atticus continues with his job and defends Tom Robinson the best he can (218).For instance, most of the town is upset with Atticus since he is defending Tom Robinson. One townsman said, But Atticus aims to defend him. Thats what I dont like about it. (218) Most importantly, Atticus should have defended Tom Robinson because he knew it was the right thing to do. He knew deep down in his heart that Tom was innocent. Therefore, he deserved to be defended as if he were white. On the contrary, if Atticus did not defend Tom Robinson, he would be depicting himself as a racist. Just like all of the others in Maycomb who are just as bad as a supposed Negro is.Secondly, and perhaps most importantly, Atticus defended Tom Robinson for his kids. He needed to set a good example for Jem and Scout so that they would not become racist like most of the residents of Maycomb County. Atticus feels that he couldnt hold up his head in town, and he couldnt represent Maycomb County in the legislature if he did not defend Tom Robinson (100). Atticus believed he would be viewed as another racist if he didnt take this case. When Atticus is explaining this to Scout he says, I couldnt even tell you or Jem not to do something again. (100) Therefore, if Atticus did not defend Tom Robinson, he would not be a good example for his kids and they could turn into another prejudice resident in Maycomb County. Dear Ladies and piece of the court, today I stand before you pleading with you that you realize that the only thing Atticus Finch is guilty of is defending an innocent man. He had no choice but to defend Tom Robinson, a man created in the imag e of God and therefore equal to his fellow white brothers and black brothers. If Atticus didnt defend this man, who would?Would anybody else have the courage, integrity, and moral character to come forward and defend him? Most likely no other man would defend Tom Robinson in the way he deserved to be defended. If Atticus did not defend Tom Robinson, than an innocent man would be hauled away to jail for a annoyance he did not commit. Furthermore, if Atticus would not have defended Tom Robinson, then Tom would not have a chance to go back to the frequent life he once had. Tom has to provide for his family, he cant accomplish this if he is stuck in prison. He still has a pleasant wife, joyful children, and caring friends who need Tom in Their lives.Not only will Tom Robinson be gloomy, but the many hearts of others will be crushed also. In addition, Atticus is a lawyer because he wants to represent his country by defending the defenseless. Atticus is proud of his country and in Ame rica, all men are created equal despite their race. Since we are all created equal, every man deserves the right to a fair trial. By defending Tom Robinson, Atticus is portraying the love that he feels for his country. Therefore, Atticus did the right thing and followed his heart. Works Cited Lee, Harper. To Kill a Mockingbird. Grand Central Publishing, New York 1960.

BOEING’s Strengths Analysis Essay

Strengths Implications1. Highly Skilled Managers The operation of the ships community give run smoothly. The performance of the company will improve and would lead the company to be successful.2. allow for global customer support It would serve the customers better and it would be very convenient to those customers in different countries to ask for inspection and repair. This would help the company to gain a better image due to the provided services to help the customers.3. Outsourcing It can save time for the company to manufacture or assembly its products.4. Emphasizing the product smell The durability of the company could last long. It gives the company to have a durability image to the customers. Customers would likely be satisfied and the company could gain some customer loyalty.5. Recognized market leader Customers would likely choose them first as their priority.6. Strong brand name Customers would easily associate the product. The brand name is instilled in the mind o f the customers. Then, customers would think that the product is of good quality and the product would be their major choice when purchasing. The company would be able to generate higher sales for having strong brand name. It also has more advantage than the competitors in many areas.7. Joint ventures/ Alliances with early(a) aircraft companies It would help the company lessen its burden on producing other parts of aircraft. It aids on making the production of aircraft faster with the service of another(prenominal) companies. It would make the aircraft production for two aircraft companies sharing ideas for the betterment of the aircraft.8. Many Features This will give higher probability that the customer would buy the product because of the extra features. This is absolutely an advantage for the company. If passengers are satisfied by this aircraft most probably that the air hose would buy again from the same company of aircraft gaining customer loyalty.Weaknesses Implications1. Layoff technical workers It will consume quids of time to hire untested workers and will spend lot of money to train them if there is a need to do so. In fact, hiring or choosing the right candidates is a critical operation of the company. This mightiness threaten other workers for being the next candidate to be laid off. And this would lead to lower productivity. Mostly, new workers are to be oriented and supervised so it will contain time.2. Mismanagement of parts or raw materials When the parts are needed, they are mostly not available for the production process. Thus, while in process, a concur might happen. So, it is not efficient at all.3. Conservative Company The company could not improve well on its system. It could not adapt to the changes in the purlieu that leads to failures. It believes that its system will work well when in fact there might be other effective ways. It might lose some opportunities that accompany its way.4. High Production Cost It might lead to h igher cost of product to be able to earn revenue. And it is not consistent to the goal of the customers. It might also lead to lower demand and lesser income.5. Every 12 years of generating or launching a new aircraft design Competitors might be the first to launch new aircraft that threatens the company. And they might surpass the ability of the company in terms of generating sales. When the time the company launches the new aircraft, most airlines have already purchased the aircraft of its competitors so it would not need to purchase again.Opportunities Implications1. Transferring technological know how to new products or profession The company has lesser difficulties in operating the new acquired business for they are using the same method from their own company. This means that growth occur in the outlandish.2. Extend reputation to new geographic area The Boeing company not only would want their domestic commonwealth know them but also to other geographic areas. As of now, ai rlines are more familiar with Boeing than its competitors.3. skill of rival aircraft company It means that there would be fewer competitors. It would also strengthen the system of the company. Because of involvement of more employees. These employees would contribute knowledge and expertise to help the company grow. New way of running the business may supplement in the development of the company. Im one way or another it serves its purpose of improvement.4. Expanding the companys product line to meet a broader range of customer needs The company may gain advantage on investing in a different product line. Facing new competitors would be a challenge on the part of the company. There might be opportunities waiting for the company. It is also an additional income for the company if it becomes successful. And to meet the needs of the customers by providing new products would lead to an aggressive and healthy competition. It also helps build the economy of the country if there is new d evelopment in companies. And it also leads to high employment because theres a need to hire more employees to implement the new business activities.Threats Implications1. Competitor The competitor might out beat them and threat is higher for their market share. Lack of planning would have big impact to the company. They should endure for the rivalry between them. Timing and being competitive is important. If they are not met, this would incur loss in thecompany.2. Trade Barriers They may encounter difficulties in the enactment regarding aircraft imposed by the country to which they import their products to. They may also need documents before releasing or create an aircraft.3. Deregulation of Airlines The regulation of the company for its customers would agree in order to gain favor of the customers. This may affect the standard operation of the company and may also result to disorganized process of company operation.4. Terrorist Attack The horrible incident of 9/11 may also be a cause of not buying another aircraft. People of that country would not want to travel because they are threat by the terrorist attack. It would results to decrease the volume who are traveling and lead the airline customers freeze to buy aircraft, since the people who travel has been reduced.5. Supply and demand for the aircraft The more people that are not traveling, the more chances that the airline industry wont buy new airplanes. This may results to low demand.

Business: Teacher and Job Enrichment

1. Analyse how these two sets of views can be applied to the make for of Herzberg or Vroom or McClelland. These two sets of views can be applied to the go of Herzberg or Vroom or McClelland as the different points made in this case study relate or link to the theories that these three theorists catch hail up with. For example Bob Nelson believes that workers contract some control of their work meaning job enrichment and being recognised for achievements made. This links back to Herzbergs supposition that workers can be forced into doing anything if the pay is high but this does non mean that they want to do it.They are not motivated. To motivate them they must be happy with their work space and the amount of supervision they have. The committee were not satisfies when the principal did not give feedback based on their work which really demotivated the individuals who piece the time and effort to produce the report. This refers to Vrooms theory of individuals choosing to behav e in ways that they believe will lead to outcomes they value. He said that on that point is a positive link between effort and performance.In this case each committee individual accepted to help create the report based on the idea and misleading that it will benefit them greatly as they would receive recognition. Again relating to McClellands theory, he said motivational of necessity are eventful as we as humans have these needs. The achievement motivation is shown when the committee individuals decide to participate to achieve something bing recognition which motivated them. 2. Discuss how the views contained in the derive above could be applied in practice to -a restaurant -a food shop - nurtureing faculty at a discipline or collegeI believe that not all the views stated in the extract can be applied to the specified coursees as people are different in every employment. In a restaurant industry money is important to the workers as this is what motivates them to work and fol low orders. I think some control of the employees work is not faithful when managing a restaurant as everything needs to be fast and as smooth as possible. The staff should be credited for good work and achievements they have accomplished in this case being a restaurant an award like employee of the month could be beneficial to motivate the employees to work.In a restaurant business communication is very important as it is the key to getting the correct customer orders leading to good customer feedback. However if there is no feedback the staff are not able to correct and improve their working habits which can cause a bad reputation for the restaurant. When dealing with a restaurant business I do not think that opportunity for growth and development education is necessary to the waiters as they do not have a macroscopical career path ahead being a waiter for example.But I do believe that team working is very important as they need to work unitedly in order to deliver orders for e xample from the customer to the chef. Leadership is important to a manager running the restaurant as everything needs to go as ordered and expected as there is no room for error to occur such as wrong orders or discharge communication which will eventually lead to bad customer service, unsatisfied customer needs and a bad reputation for the restaurant. Teachers may not however be working for money but for the satisfaction they get out of teaching.Some teachers may be satisfied with the essential needs they had even before they started to teach meaning that money is not their need at the moment. I think that teachers need to have some sort of control everyplace the way they work (job enrichment) as it will help them challenge themselves and have responsibility for their work. I think as humans they need to be thanked and recognized when they have achieved something as this will motivate them even more to do it again. It is important for teachers to receive feedback on their work a s this will enable them to teach better.This can be done by other teachers assessing one another and sharing teaching methods as it will help them teach at their best ability. Communication Is snappy to teachers at a school or college as this is how messages or pick ups are passed on or received. If a teacher does not receive an answer to their request from management it is very likely that they will be demotivated to participate or get involved in the future. Teaching staff at a school or college have limited opportunities for development as there is except a certain amount of promotions they can receive.For example an English teacher would only be able to develop their career path by being promoted to being the head of the English department. As for team working, it is important for teachers to work together as departments to complete certain duties. * Teachers should have good leadership skills as they need to provide clear instructions and set specific deadlines. If a teacher does not have good leadership skills then it may cause problems like students not following instructions or not having control over their class.

Respiratory Case Study

Respiratory Case Study The following case study is of a 37-year old Hispanic male weighing 145 lbs and 70 inches tall found unconscious by his girlfriend. According to her he was unconscious for about 15 hours and she was concerned because he would not wake or respond and was breathing shallow and slow. She then called 9-1-1. The longanimous entered the ER by emergency vehicle and on my initial assessment Pt had an altered mental status, was very unresponsive showing symptoms of a possible drug overdose.The girlfriend told the physician the Pt had taken 75 mg of methadone and an unknown amount of Xanex and other amounts of Benzodiazepines. On assessment, the doctor noticed his altered mental status and unconscious status. He had a gag reflex and responded to pain. Pt had a blood pressure of 63/41 and a 02 saturation of 50% on room air and a heart rate of 108. We put the patient on an oxy mask at 14 liters and his saturation improved to 90%. The Physician then administered Narcan wh ich in return raised the respiratory rate. The physician then eventually intubated with Etomidate.He is then diagnosed with Acute Renal Failure, Acute Lung Injury with possible aspiration and CHF with Atrial Fib. The patient has had no prior history of drug overdose. The patient did, however, have a brother that recently committed suicide and was recently released from jail. The patient does drink intoxicant and takes multiple street medications and methadone for pain. For this patient with my initial thoughts would be to order an ABG to test for acidosis and see if there is an electrolyte imbalance, then a possible scan of the brain.An cardiogram test would also be ordered to see how the heart has dealt with the stress. Giving him Narcan would help block the receptor sites to stop the action of the OD. What ended up being ordered is the ABG, a CT of the brain, EKG, NG furnish, Catheter, Glasgow Coma Scale, Chest X-ray and the lab drew blood. The ABG showed severe metabolic and re spiratory acidosis, glucose of 72, potassium of 4. 9, calcium of 7. 9 chloride of 105, C02 of 24, creatinine of 2. 6. The EKG showed atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response and signs of CHF.The lab results showed an electrolyte imbalance, sepsis, and no alcohol. The CT scan showed a hypoxemic brain injury and the x-ray showed infiltrates which are assumed to be from aspiration pneumonia. From this we know that the patient leave stay intubated until further improvement of acidosis, help to visit possible development of ARDS, Sepsis and until the patient will be able to breath on his own. The settings on the vent I would have chose would have been SIMV, Vt of 550-600, a rate of 15, pressure support of 10, Cpap of 5, at a 100% Fi02 with the ABG reading Ph 7. 1, Pco2 58, P02 56, and sating 76%, Hco3 18. 4. Physician ordered vent setting, SIMV, 100% Fi02, Vt of 550, rate of 12, pressure support of 10, Cpap of 5. The idea behind these settings is to allow the Pt to ventilat e and to breathe off the access co2 and to oxygenate the blood. I would like to have seen a rate of 16 to help with the release of co2. 1 hour later the ABG read Ph 7. 13, Pco2 65, P02 66, Hco3 at 15. 6 and sating 85%. The settings for the Pt as far as respiratory seem to be book for now unless the Pt develops ARDS.It is more than of a metabolic concern at this time now that the Pt is ventilated. Blood gases go as follows in the ER for initial assessment on the vent at 2130 a critical of Ph- 7. 11, Pc02- 58, P02- 56 Hc03- 18. 4 and a saturation of 76% on 100% Fio2 objet dart on SIMV with a rate of 12, Vt of 550, pressure support of 10 and Cpap of 5. The Pt at this time has no spontaneous breathing while on the vent. repayable to the drug overdose the Pt is showing both respiratory and metabolic acidosis with Moderate Hypoxemia. A follow up ABG, 20 minutes later, results in a Ph of 7. 3, Pco2- 47, Po2- 66, Hco3-15. 6 and sating 85% on 100% Fio2. The Pt is now breathing 21 BPM and a Vt of 605 in addition of the vent settings. The results of the a la mode(p) ABG have shown small improvement, but still critical Ph and moderate hypoxemia. Another follow up ABG at 0100 shows a small improvement on the Ph to 7. 18, the Pco2 became more acidotic moved to 53, the Po2 improved to 77 which shows he is oxygenating better but still hypoxic, his Hco3 acidosis is improving at a change to 19. 8, and sating 91% now.The Pt is now breathing at a rate has come down to 10 BPM on his own above and beyond the vent. subsequently consulting with the physician we changed the Vt to 600 and the pressure support to 20 and Cpap to 15. The Pt continued on these settings till 0415. The physician then made the change to Bi-level with the settings of a rate of 14 pressure support of 25, and an H/L pressure of 35/15. The Pt at this time is pulling a Vt of 745 and a spontaneous rate of 17 and still at 100% Fio2 and sating 92%. This is the point when the Pt makes the turn.The Bi-level or APR V was the proper setting for this Pt. He continued to improve over the next some(prenominal) days with his peek pressure climbing to 40. The Pt continues these settings and slowly improves and eventually weaned from the ventilator till the Pt no longer needs support. Pt received AP diameter X-ray to confirm tube placement and to see if there were any kind of infiltrates because of possible aspiration and to eliminate possible pneumothorax and pleural effusion. Findings included mild patchy infiltrates in the right upper to middle lobes.The left lower lobe also has some similar findings but less concerning. This whitethorn either be due to lung infection or pulmonary edema. The placement of the ET tube was confirmed at 2 cm above the carina. The NG tube was also confirmed to correct placement. The heart silhouette was not enlarged and stable. No pleural effusion was ever confirmed. Pt will be treat for minor Pneumonitis. X-rays continued throughout his stay and infiltrated were slo wly diminished and tube placement was confirmed and never changed. The Lab reported sodium at 142 to be within ruler range, potassium 5. also with in normal range. Chloride at 105 also with in normal range, glucose levels at 169 also within normal range, calcium at 7. 9 is low. The Pt received ionized calcium through his central line. The Hematology reported the WBC at 4. 4 is at the lower spectrum of normal, the RBC at 5. 70 is within the normal limits, and HCT is 51 which are also in the normal spectrum. Blood work came back good. languor sample was taken and results were negative for any growth. The Pt is urinating well and color is yellow/clear with trace amounts of protein.No PFTs were performed. Medications the Pt received in the ER Dextrose 5% delivered intravenous to hydrate Pt, Sodium Bicarbonate was given(p) intravenous because of the severe acidosis, Nor epinephrine given intravenous to raise the BP to a more stable condition, Dopamine also given for a vaso pressers, E tomidate was given to sedate the Pt for intubation, Clindamycin given due to the allergy of Penicillin to help with any anaerobic infection, Doripenem and vancomycin other antibiotics, Propofol to keep Pt sedated during his intubation.Medications given while in the ICU Clopidogrel (Plavix) given to prevent clots, Symbicort given to help prevent bronchospasm and improve lung function, Digoxin given for the CHF and slow the heart rate for Atrial Fibrillation, Famotidine to inhibit the production of stomach acid, Lisinopril given in case of hypertension, Sodium Chloride to treat his hyponatremia, Levophed (Nor epinephrine) given when the HR or BP drops, Phenylephrine also a vaso presser or to relive nasal decongestion, Pitressin also another vaso presser, Dobutamine to prevent cardiogenic shock, Dopamine for another presser, Fentanyl given to reduce pain, Haloperidol (Haldol) to help with his mental heath, Lorazepam also given to treat his mental heath or anxiety, Morphine to treat pai n, and Reteplase given for anti-clotting factor.